Bitcoin Mining Efficiency & Hashrate Over Time

Published on January 8, 2025
Analysis by Michael Mezher, Founder MEZTech

Bitcoin mining has progressed rapidly over the course of its existence, both in terms of efficiency and absolute hashrate. Because Bitcoin may be viewed from the lens of the connection of energy to digitally represented value, it's important to consider how much energy is expended per unit value. This chart displays the MW/$B metric, which is derived from the assumed network efficiency given hardware advancements over the course of Bitcoin's history (see references below for the source of the default values), Bitcoin's approximate historical hashrate, and Bitcoin's historical marketcap. See Energy Expenditure vs. Market Capitalization in Proof-of-Work Currencies for more information.

Because it's impossible to determine what specific hardware miners used at any point, we've utilized the approximate release dates of breakthrough state of the art miner hardware to produce the efficiency (GHs/W) trace shown. In the trace we've linearly interpolated between release dates to simulate gradual progression of miners towards more efficient hardware. Modify the cells below & hit "Update Plot" to alter these assumptions to see the effects on the MW/$B metric.

Disclaimer: All calculations here are estimates based on indicative hashrates, hardware efficiency, and market caps. Real-world power usage can vary significantly, and market valuations are constantly in flux. Always perform your own research and use multiple data sources before drawing conclusions.

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